Transcription initiation and elongation of HIV-1 are critical processes regulating viral latency and activation. Despite these two processes playing essential roles in HIV-1 gene expression, how they ...

Rosalind Franklin, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA -- that molecular blueprint for life -- over 70 years ago. Today, scientists are still uncovering new ways to read it.

Researchers have achieved a major advance in understanding how genetic information is transcribed from DNA to RNA by providing the first step-by-step look at the biomolecular machinery that reads the ...

The regulation of mRNA transcription plays a key role in relaying signals from the environment and during development into the gene expression program of a cell. During transcription initiation, a ...

Transcription is the first step of gene expression, where a DNA sequence is copied into messenger RNA. In eukaryotes, transcription initiation starts with the assembly of the transcription ...

The core RNA polymerase (Pol) subunits and general transcription factors (GTFs) are rarely mutated in cancer, although some GTFs are consistently overexpressed in tumours and this is thought to ...

All three RNAPs have catalytic cores consisting of 10 subunits. Five of these are core subunits which form crab claw shapes with DNA at their centres, channels for RNA products and NTP substrates as ...

There are a total of 5 multi-subunit complexes in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, all of which are involved in the process of oxidative phosphorylation that precedes ATP production. Of these, ...