It is the "shock absorber" between the vertebrae of the spine, cushioning every step, bend and jump: the intervertebral disc. If the fibrocartilage tissue in the spine degenerates over time, an ...

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) represent conditions that impair the function of the spinal motion segments, profoundly affecting quality of life worldwide.

Electrodynamic spray set up and Taylor cone formation arising from an applied electric potential. Cell therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of many degenerative diseases. For instance, ...