The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

In three-dimensional particle physics, elementary particles divide nicely into fermions and bosons. But in lower-dimensions, things aren’t so clear cut. These dimensions host a “third kingdom” of ...

The discovery of the Higgs boson provided insight into what gives elementary particles mass. The Higgs boson, a fundamental particle predicted by theorist Peter Higgs, is key to understanding why ...

Suggested Citation: "Appendix: Glossary, Abbreviations, and Acronyms." National Research Council. 1998. Elementary-Particle Physics: Revealing the Secrets of Energy ...

Nobel and Templeton Prize-winning physicist Frank Wilczek explores the secrets of the cosmos. Read previous columns here. Electrons are the most elementary of elementary particles. In fundamental ...

Javier Duarte kicked off his scientific career by witnessing the biggest particle physics event in decades. On July 4, 2012, scientists at the laboratory CERN near Geneva announced the discovery of ...

In July 2012, physicists at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Europe triumphantly announced the discovery of the Higgs boson, the long-sought linchpin of the subatomic world. Interacting with Higgs ...

In the strange and fascinating world of quantum mechanics, particles have long been sorted into just two types: fermions and bosons. These labels help explain how matter forms and how forces work.

Here’s what you’ll learn when reading this story: When you drill down into the very fabric of reality—where elementary particles make up the matter that is you and me and everything around us in three ...