The pH scale that is widely accepted and used by scientists didn't actually exist until 1909. Before then scientists had to rely on using adjectives to describe the acidity or basicity of a substance ...

For several decades antimony electrodes have been used to measure the acidity/basicity -- and so to determine the pH value. Unfortunately, they allow for measuring pH changes of solutions only at a ...

Chemists have long known that catalytic Lewis acidic and Lewis basic sites on metal and metal oxide surfaces help spark a range of reactions that are important in industrial chemical and fuel ...

Understanding the factors contributing to reactivity trends is a fundamental skill that underpins chemists’ ability to design and develop new reactions. One of the factors that students learn about ...